Brain Cancer Treatment

The brain is one organ that is importantin life, because thebrain itself we are able to think and understand everything  not yet  we understand, is why we desperately need brains. let usimagine that we have if brain does not workoptimally? not then we can live like a person whohas a perfect senseof course,

Broadly speaking, the brain is divided into three parts, namely a large brain (cerebrum), cerebellum (cerebellum), and brain stem(brain stem). Each part is divided into partssmaller, smaller, and smaller.
So the brain has many parts that have differentfunctions, so the brain can run everything at the same time.

SoBrain Cancer Treatment ?

Pengobatan untuk tumor otak harus individual. Ini harus didasarkan pada usia, kesehatan umum, dan ukuran, lokasi, dan jenis tumor anda.

Treatment for brain tumor should be individualized. It should be based on your age, general health, and the size, location, and type of your tumor.

You and your loved ones will have many questions about cancer, the treatment, side effects, and the long-term outlook. Your health care team is the best source of this information. Don't hesitate to ask.

Treatment for brain cancer depends on the age and overall health of the patient, the stage of the disease, the type and location of the tumor, and whether the cancer is a primary tumor or brain metastases. The treatment plan is developed by the oncology team and the patient.

Treatment involves any combination of surgery, radiation therapy (including radiosurgery), and chemotherapy. Some tumors require several different surgical procedures, and some can be treated with radiation alone.

Surgery to Treat Brain Cancer

Surgery is the treatment of choice for accessible primary brain tumors, when the patient is in good health. The goal of surgery is to remove as much of the tumor as possible without damaging nearby normal brain tissue. The prognosis improves when more than 90% of a tumor can be removed. 

Removal is often complicated by the nature of the tumor (e.g., invasive, highly vascularized) and by its location. Partial removal (debulking) of the tumor can improve quality of life by alleviating symptoms and sometimes improve the effectiveness of radiation therapy or chemotherapy.

Before surgery, some important tests are performed. Patients over the age of 40 usually undergo an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) and a chest x-ray. Other tests are used to detect the presence of uncontrolled hypertension, diabetes, active coronary ischemia, or the presence of circulating anticoagulant (substance that inhibits normal blood clotting) in the blood. If any of these conditions are present, it may not be advisable to undergo craniotomy.

The goal of craniotomy is to remove as much of the tumor as possible. The procedure is performed under general anesthesia and involves opening the skull (cranium).

Radiation Therapy for Brain Cancer
 
Radiation therapy (also called radiotherapy) is the use of high-energy rays to kills tumor cells, thereby stopping them from growing and multiplying.

    * Radiation therapy may be used for people who cannot undergo surgery. In other cases, it is used after surgery to kill any tumor calls that may remain.
    * Radiation therapy is a local therapy. This means that it affects only cells in its path. It does not harm cells elsewhere in the body or even elsewhere in the brain.

Radiation can be given in either of two ways.

    a. External radiation uses a high-energy beam of radiation targeted at the tumor. The beam travels through the skin, the skull, healthy brain tissue, and other tissues to get to the tumor. The treatments are usually given five days a week for certain amount of time. Each treatment takes only a few minutes.
    b. Internal or implant radiation uses a tiny radioactive capsule that is placed inside the tumor itself. The radiation emitted from the capsule destroys the tumor. The radioactivity of the capsule decreases a little bit each day; the amount of radioactivity of the capsule is carefully calculated to run out when the optimal dose has been given. You need to stay in the hospital for several days while receiving this treatment.
 

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Symptoms of brain cancer

Symptoms of brain cancer , generally is not easily detected because the attack targets the cancer is in the brain, organs that are not visible from the outside. Even so, there are some indications that could be considered to determine whether a person is experiencing symptoms of braincancer or not. Some of the symptoms of brain cancer are easily found as follows:

•  Easy Experiencing Headaches
  
  
  Prolonged headache and come again and again could be a symptom of brain cancer.

•     Easy Nausea

    Frequent nausea can also be symptoms of brain cancer.

•     Weak body
  Brain cancer patients usually experience a limp body. Therefore, if the body is weak, though not easy to do heavy work, it needs to watch out.

•     Walking is difficult
  Brain cancer sufferers will also experience difficulty walking conditions. Each will run it's staggering. Symptoms of brain cancer is caused by the body in controlling the activity of the brain is impaired by the presence of cancer cells.

•     Difficult Listening and Viewing
  Changes occur also in the sense of hearing and sight. Patients will experience a reduction in the power to hear and see. This brain cancer symptoms will worsen due to the increased severity of the cancer cells are biting into the brain.

•     Numb Foot and Hand in
  Symptoms of brain cancer is also characterized by the occurrence of numbness in the feet and hands. Both of these organs due to central nervous disorders are also being plagued by cancer cells.

•     Concentrating difficult
  Because the attack on the brain makes patients also have difficulty concentrating. This will make the patient difficult to finish the job properly because of loss of concentration.

•     Decreased Memory and Response
  Patients will also automatically have memory loss as well as the body's response. This is influenced problematic organ brain began to "master" of cancer cells.

•     Decreased Power of Smell

    In addition to the senses of hearing and vision decline, brain cancer symptoms are also seen in decline sense of smell. Patients with difficult to maintain the sense of smell as before.

•     Paralyzed in the Face or Body Part
  In certain circumstances, patients may also experience partial paralysis of the face or body part. This indicates that one of the brain is undergoing the onslaught of cancer cells.

•     Prolonged sleepiness
  It could also be symptoms of brain cancer. People who experience prolonged sleepiness, despite getting enough sleep, may be an indication something is not normal in the brain.

•     The cessation of menstruation Abnormal

 For women, the cessation of menstruation is not normal to watch as well. It could be because it shows the symptoms of brain cancer or other cancers may be.

Maybe if that happens only one of the above symptoms, it is yet to lead to the occurrence of brain cancer. But if it happens several symptoms at once, you should quickly consult because it is very likely a symptom of brain cancer.

Brain tumor symptoms vary from patient to patient, and most of these symptoms can also be found in people who do NOT have brain tumors. Therefore, the only sure way to tell if you have a brain tumor or not is to see your doctor and get a brain scan

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Types Of Brain Cancer

Types Of Brain Cancer. nine categories of primary brain tumors, which are based on the types of cells in which the tumors originate. Gliomas are primary brain tumors that are made up of glial cells—cells that provide important structural support for the nerve cells in the brain .
It is important for us to distinguish between primary brain cancer (ie begin in the brain), with secondary brain cancer (starts in other organs in the body such as lung or breast and then spread to the brain). In adults, cancer metastasis to the brain is actually more common than primary brain cancer. This cancer is not treated the same way. For example, breast cancer or lung metastases to the brain are treated differently than cancer that begins in the brain. The discussion here only on primary brain cancer.

Unlike other types of cancer, cancer of the brain or spinal cord rarely spread to distant organs. They cause damage because they spread locally and destroy normal brain tissue in a place where they appear. However, cancers of the brain or spinal cord are rarely considered "benign". Unless they have actually been removed or destroyed, most cancers of the brain or spinal cord tumors will continue to grow and eventually lead to death.

Primary brain cancer can begin in one type of tissue or cells in the brain or spinal cord. Some tumors contain a mixture of cell types. Tumors in different regions of the central nervous system may be treated differently and have different prognoses.

A. Gliomas:

Glioma is a general term for a group of tumors that begin in glial cells. Some tumors may be gliomas, including glioblastoma, astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, and ependymomas. About 4 out of 10 cases of brain cancer is a glioma. When counting cases of malignant brain cancer, about 8 out of 10 were gliomas.

A1. Astrocytomas:

Most tumors that arise in the brain itself begins in glial cells called astrocytes. These tumors are called astrocytomas. The statistics are about 3 out of 10 brain cancer.

Most astrocytomas can spread widely throughout the brain and one with normal brain tissue, which can make them very difficult to be removed surgically. Sometimes they spread along a major nervous system pathways. It is very rare for them to spread out the brain or spinal cord.

Grade astrocytomas are classified as low, medium, or high grade, based on how the cells look under a microscope.

    Low-grade astrocytomas: the type of the slowest growing

    Anaplastic astrocytomas: to grow at a moderate level

    The highest grade astrocytoma (or glioblastoma): the fastest growing. These tumors make up about two-thirds of astrocytomas and is the most common type of brain cancer (malignant) that affect adults.

A2. Oligodendrogliomas: These tumors start in brain cells called oligodendrocytes. Such as astrocytomas, most can infiltrate the nearby brain tissue and can not be completely removed by surgery. Oligodendrogliomas sometimes scattered throughout the central nervous system pathways but rarely spread outside the brain or spinal cord. A very aggressive type of tumor is known as anaplastic oligodendrogliomas. Only about 3% of oligodendrogliomas type of brain tumor.

A3. Ependymomas: These tumors are derived from ependymal cells, which line the ventricles. Ependymomas may block the outflow of the central nervous system of the ventricles, causing a condition called hydrocephalus.

Astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas did not like, ependymomas usually do not grow to infiltrate into normal brain tissue. As a result, some (but not all) ependymomas can be completely removed and cured with surgery. Spinal cord ependymomas have the greatest chance to be cured through surgery. Ependymomas can spread along the CSF pathways but did not spread outside the brain or spinal cord. Its most aggressive form known as anaplastic ependymomas and usually can not be cured by surgery. Only about 2% of brain tumor type ependymomas.

B. Meningioma

Meningiomas arise from the meninges, the layer of tissue that surrounds the outside of the brain and spinal cord. Meningioma contribute to about 1 in 3 primary brain cancer and cancer of the spinal cord. They are the most common brain tumor in adults.

This tumor risk increases with age. They are about twice as common in women. In some cases these tumors are genetic (inherited), especially in those with neurofibromatosis (benign tumor syndrome in nerve tissue).

Meningiomas cause symptoms by pressing the brain or spinal cord. About 4 out of 5 meningiomas are benign, and most can be cured with surgery. However, some meningiomas grow very close to vital structures in the brain and can not be cured by surgery alone. A small number of meningiomas are malignant and may be reused many times after surgery, or even spread to other parts of the body.

C. Medulloblastomas

Medulloblastomas are tumors that develop from neuroectodermal cells (primitive nerve cells) in the cerebellum. They are a cancer that grows rapidly and often spreads to the rest of the cerebrospinal fluid pathways, but they can be treated with radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Medulloblastomas occur more frequently in children than in adults. They are part of a class of primitive neuroectodermal tumor called tumor (PNETs), which can occur in the brain and elsewhere in the central nervous system.

D. Gangliogliomas

Tumor-containing neurons and glial cells called the ganglioglioma. It is extremely rare in adults and has a high cure prospects with surgery alone or surgery combined with radiotherapy.

E. Schwannomas (neurilemomas)

Schwannomas derived from Schwann cells, which is part of the myelin-forming cranial nerve and other peripheral nerves. These tumors are usually benign. They can arise from cranial nerves. When they form a tumor of the cranial nerve responsible for balance near the cerebellum, they are called vestibular schwannomas or acoustic neuromas. They also may arise from the spinal cord after they have left the spinal cord. Schwannomas make up about 9% of all CNS tumors.

Other tumors that can be started at or near the brain:

brain cancer

Chordomas: These tumors are rare starts in the bone at the base of the skull or spine at the lower end. Chordomas are not of central nervous system, but they can cause injury to the nervous system by pressing nearby. These tumors were treated by surgical removal if possible, and followed by radiotherapy, but they tend to return in the same area after treatment, which can cause progressive injury and death. They usually do not spread to other organs.

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas: Lymphomas start in lymphocytes (one of the major cell types of the immune system). Some types of lymphoma of the central nervous system (CNS) occurs in people with immune system problems, such as those infected with HIV. Development of new treatments for AIDS, causing this type of lymphoma of the brain become less common in recent years. Often highly malignant

lymphoma of the brain and can be difficult to treat. Recent advances in chemotherapy, however,  has improved the prognosis of this cancer.

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How to prevent brain cancer

How to prevent brain cancer ,To cancer, cells undergo changes / mutations that cells divide in an uncontrolled manner, invade the tissue around the abnormal cells, and can also move to other body tissues via the blood circulation (metastasis). So far have not found a method to "cure" abnormal cells, so the only way is to remove abnormal tissue from the body to another body part is not infected. On certain types of cancer, eg breast cancer, if the abnormal cells are detected early so that network problems can be removed / discarded. But on brain cancer, when cancer cells have spread to a vital part of the brain there is no way to get rid of abnormal cells.treatment brain cancer

PREVENT BEFORE IT'S TOO LATE

Follow these steps to avoid the tumor / brain cancer:
How to prevent brain cancer
    Do not get your head banged or traumatized. Avoid high-risk activities such as boxing. Always use a helmet while riding a motorcycle.
    Expand to eat fruits that contain antioxidants such as dates, oranges, raisins, strawberries, plums and red wine. Antioxidants will improve blood circulation to and from the brain to prevent narrowing or blockage of blood vessels.

 
    Do not smoke. 

 
    Expand to eat fibrous foods, stay away from fatty foods.
    Avoid karsiogenik materials, such as cooking oil that is used repeatedly.
    Stay away from objects with high radiation levels due to exposure to radiation in certain levels can trigger abnormal cell growth. If the call using the phone, hands-free use so there is a distance between the phone with the head (brain), thereby reducing levels of heat and radiation.
    Healthy lifestyle. Enough sleep. Exercise routine so that no blood circulation to the brain.

Anyone want to add? Please share, please leave a comment. How to prevent brain cancer

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