Kidney Cancer Symptoms

As with remaining organs, the kidneys can sometimes get cancer.
In adults, the typewrite of kidney human is the most informal renal radiophone carcinoma (renal carcinoma, hipernefroma), derivable from cells coating the renal tubules.

The figure of plain renal tumors (dry) is a human, piece cysts (fluid-filled cavities) are commonly benign.

Global level, the class of patients with kidney soul in the assemblage of urinary parcel someone ranks sec exclusive to sac house. Patients with somebody is solon prevalent at age 40 and above, with the maximal proportionality of age 40-60 age. But today, renal person can act fill with a tracheophyte of ages ranging from an proterozoic age 3-4 age, the youthful and the older in 80-90 life. Incidence of kidney someone in men and women are not contend, the ratio of men than women twice.

Kidney Cancer Symptoms , the following symptoms of kidney cancer  :

• Blood in the urine
  This is the most uncouth symptom of kidney person. Doctors disposition this haematuria. Around half of the grouping diagnosed with kidney individual faculty eff this symptom when they first go to the doctor.
  ecollect that most group who go to the theologian with execution in their piddle don't have kidney cancer. In most cases, murder in the excretion is caused by an transmission, magnification of the endocrine, or kidney stones. Symmetric so, a doctor should always inquire murder in the excrement. As the hurt can proceed and go, both the theologian and enduring may get the appearance that the problem has exhausted gone. This can mean that an early, treatable cancer in the kidney or bladder is allowed to grow to a stage where it may be more difficult to treat.
• A lump or body in the kidney extent
  If you search a collect or symptom in the atlantic of your kidneys, you require to go somebody to your doctor . Most kidney cancers are too bitty for you or a theologiser to comprehend. But it is affirmable to do an ultrasound interpret of the kidneys to inactivity for sign. There is message active scans in the in the diagnosing kidney cancer section.

• Other symptoms of kidney cancerTiredness
   Loss of appetite
   Weight loss
   A high temperature and very heavy sweating
   A pain in the side that won’t go away
    A general feeling of poor health
  

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Colon Cancer

Definition of Colon Cancer ,bodies are made up of billions of cells that grow, divide, and then die in a predictable manner. Cancer occurs when something goes wrong with this system, causing uncontrolled cell division and growth. Cancer cells lump together and form a mass of extra tissue, also known as a cancerous tumor. When cancer cells are present in the colon, it's referred to as colon cancer.

Colon cancer is cancer of the large intestine (colon), the lower part of your digestive system. Rectal cancer is cancer of the last several inches of the colon. Together, they're often referred to as colorectal cancers.

Most cases of colon cancer begin as small, noncancerous (benign) clumps of cells called adenomatous polyps. Over time some of these polyps become colon cancers.

Polyps may be small and produce few, if any, symptoms. For this reason, doctors recommend regular screening tests to help prevent colon cancer by identifying polyps before they become colon cancer.

Cancer of the colon is the disease characterized by the development of malignant cells in the lining or epithelium of the first and longest portion of the large intestine. Malignant cells have lost normal control mechanisms governing growth. These cells may invade surrounding local tissue, or they may spread throughout the body and invade other organ systems.

Synonyms for the colon include the large bowel or the large intestine. The rectum is the continuation of the large intestine into the pelvis that terminates in the anus.

Description of Colon Cancer -  The colon is a tubular organ beginning in the right lower abdomen. It ascends on the right side of the abdomen, traverses from right to left in the upper abdomen, descends vertically down the left side, takes an S-shaped curve in the lower left abdomen, and then flows into the rectum as it leaves the abdomen for the pelvis. These portions of the colon are named separately though they are part of the same organ:

•     cecum, the beginning of the colon

•     ascending colon, the right vertical ascent of the colon

•     transverse colon, the portion traversing from right to left

•     descending colon, the left vertical descent of the colon

•     sigmoid colon, the s-shaped segment of colon above the pelvis

These portions of the colon are recognized anatomically based on the arterial blood supply and venous and lymphatic drainage of these segments of the colon. Lymph, a protein-rich fluid that bathes the cells of the body, is transported in small channels known as lymphatics that run alongside the veins of the colon. Lymph nodes are small filters through which the lymph travels on its way back to the bloodstream. Cancer can spread elsewhere in the body by invading the lymph and vascular systems. Therefore, these anatomic considerations become very important in the treatment of colon cancer.

The small intestine is the continuation of the upper gastrointestinal tract that is responsible for carrying ingested nutrients into the body. The waste left after the small intestine has finished absorbing nutrients amounts to a few liters (about the same as quart) of material per day and is directly delivered to the colon (at the cecum) for processing. The colon is responsible for the preservation of fluid and electrolytes as it propels the increasingly solid waste toward the rectum and anus for excretion.

When cells lining the colon become malignant, they first grow locally and may invade partially or totally through the wall of the bowel and even into adjacent structures and organs. In the process, the tumor can penetrate and invade the lymphatics or the capillaries locally and gain access to the circulation. As the malignant cells work their way to other areas of the body, they again become locally invasive in the new area to which they have spread. These tumor deposits, originating in the colon primary tumor, are then known as metastases. If metastases are found in the regional lymph nodes from the primary, they are known as regional metastases or regional nodal metastases. If they are distant from the primary tumor, they are known as distant metastases. The patient with distant metastases has systemic disease. Thus, the cancer originating in the colon begins locally and, given time, can become systemic.

By the time the primary is originally detected, it is usually larger than 0.4 in (1 cm) in size and has over one million cells. This amount of growth itself is estimated to take about three to seven years. Each time the cells double in number, the size of the tumor quadruples. Thus, like most cancers, the part that is identified clinically is later in the progression than would be desired and screening becomes a very important endeavor to aid in earlier detection of this disease.

There are at least 100,000 cases of colon cancer diagnosed per year in the United States. Together, colon and rectal cancers account for 10% of cancers in men and 11% of cancers in women. It is the second most common site-specific cancer affecting both men and women. A 2003 study reported that for unknown reasons, women are more likely to have advanced colon cancer at diagnosis than men. Nearly 57,000 people died from colon and rectal cancer in the United States in 2003. In recent years the incidence of this disease has decreased slightly, as has the mortality rate. It is difficult to tell if the decrease in mortality reflects earlier diagnosis, less death related to the actual treatment of the disease, or a combination of both factors.

Cancer of the colon is thought to arise sporadically in about 80% of those who develop the disease. Twenty percent of people are thought to have genetic predisposition, meaning their genes carry a trigger for the disease. Development of colon cancer at an early age, or at multiple sites, or recurrent colon cancer, suggests a genetically transmitted form of the disease as 

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Prevent irritation of the Eyes for Computer Users

Prevent irritation of the Eyes . If you include people working in front of a computer all day, surely you will be exposed to radiation emitted by the monitor so your eyes to feel sore.
Many experts created a computer equipment with environmentally friendly in order to maintain eye health.
Even so, still, if we are too long in front of computers can affect health. One's eyes become tired, back pain, shoulder and neck. Therefore, check out some of these tips:
1. Work in the room with enough light.
Notice the light in your room, if you use the room too bright will
blinding the eye.

2. Use a monitor with filter.
To reduce eye glare and radiation emitted by the monitor,
 use the monitor glass filter.

3.  look your monitor.
Check your monitor is very important. Before you using preferably check first
monitor you want to use, if it still works well or not. Then
compared with other monitors. If the image blurry and flickering should
should not be used.

4. Put your paperwork in order is easy to read.
If you have to type or copy a file that is in the paper, should be put
paper work within a balanced with your monitor.

5. Use the Font size is quite large.
If you have to type or edit the text in front of the computer, you should use
font size is large enough so that your eyes are not tired to see it.

6. Rest your eyes.
If you have to work in a long time at the computer, we recommend
Relax your eyes for 30 minutes. With so may reduce the tension
in your eyes and keep eyes moist.

7. Examine your glasses or contact lenses.
If you use glasses or contact lenses, it is better to consult your
optometrist or optical, so you can get glasses that fit and tasty
used to work at the computer.Prevent irritation of the Eyes for Computer Users

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Prostate Cancer

Definition of Prostate Cancer  ,Prostate cancer is a disease in which cells in the prostate gland become abnormal and start to grow uncontrollably, forming tumors.Prostate cancer is a form of cancer that develops in the prostate (a gland in the male reproductive system found below the bladder and in front of the rectum). Most prostate cancers are slow growing; however, there are cases of aggressive prostate cancers. The cancer cells may metastasize (spread) from the prostate to other parts of the body, particularly the bones and lymph nodes. Prostate cancer may cause pain, difficulty in urinating, problems during sexual intercourse, or erectile dysfunction. Other symptoms can potentially develop during later stages of the disease.


Description of Prostate Cancer , Prostate cancer is a malignancy of one of the major male sex glands. Along with the testicles and the seminal vesicles, the prostate secretes the fluid that makes up semen. The prostate is about the size of a walnut and lies just behind the urinary bladder. A tumor in the prostate interferes with proper control of the bladder and normal sexual functioning. Often the first symptom of prostate cancer is difficulty in urinating. However, because a very common, non-cancerous condition of the prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), also causes the same problem, difficulty in urination is not necessarily due to cancer.
Prostate Cancer
Cancerous cells within the prostate itself are generally not deadly on their own. However, as the tumor grows, some of the cells break off and spread to other parts of the body through the lymph or the blood, a process known as metastasis. The most common sites for prostate cancer to metastasize are the seminal vesicles, the lymph nodes, the lungs, and various bones around the hips and the pelvic region. The effects of these new tumors are what can cause death.Prostate Cancer
Prostate Cancer
As of the early 2000s, prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy among adult males in Western countries. Although prostate cancer is often very slow growing, it can be aggressive, especially in younger men. Given its slow growing nature, many men with the disease die of other causes rather than from the cancer itself.
  
Prostate cancer affects African- American men twice as often as white men; the mortality rate among African-Americans is also two times higher. African-Americans have the highest rate of prostate cancer of any world population group.

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Simple Definition and Description of Lung Cancer

 Definition  of Lung Cancer

 Lung cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the lung. Normal lung tissue is made up of cells that are programmed by nature to create lungs of a certain shape and function. Sometimes the instructions to a cell go haywire and that cell and its offspring reproduce wildly, without regard for the shape and function of a lung. That wild reproduction can form tumors that clog up the lung and make it stop functioning as it should. Because of the large size of the lungs, cancer may grow for many years, undetected, without causing suspicion. In fact, lung cancer can spread outside the lungs without causing any symptoms. Adding to the confusion, the most common symptom of lung cancer, a presistent cough, can often be mistaken for a cold or bronchitis.Simple Definition and Description of Lung Cancer

 he definition of lung cancer is a cancer (malignancy) that originates in the tissues of the lungs or the cells lining the airways. Lung cancer originates when normal lung cells become abnormal, usually after a series of mutations, and begin to divide out of control.

A malignant (cancerous) lung tumor is distinguished from a benign (non- cancerous) lung tumor in that it can spread (metastasize) to areas of the body distant from the original tumor.

It is important to distinguish primary lung cancer from other forms of cancer that may spread to the lungs. Primary lung cancer begins in the lungs, but may spread to other regions of the body. If it spreads to the brain, it would be referred to as lung cancer metastatic to the brain. Likewise, if a cancer begins in the breast and spreads to the lungs, it would be referred to as breast cancer metastatic to the lungs.

Description of Lung Cancer 

Lung cancer is divided into two main types: small cell and non-small cell. Small cell lung cancer is the least common of the two, accounting for only about 20% of all lung cancers. In the past, the disease was called oat cell cancer because, when viewed under a microscope, the cancer cells resemble oats. This type of lung cancer grows quickly and is more likely to spread to other organs in the
body.

The lungs are located along with the heart in the chest cavity. The lungs are not simply hollow balloons, but have a very organized structure consisting of hollow tubes, blood vessels, and elastic tissue. The hollow tubes, called bronchi, are multi-branched, becoming smaller and more numerous at each branching. They end in tiny, blind sacs made of elastic tissue called alveoli. These sacs are where the oxygen a person breathes in is taken up into the blood, and where carbon dioxide moves out of the blood to be breathed out.
Simple Definition and Description of Lung Cancer
Normal, healthy lungs are continually secreting mucus that not only keeps the lungs moist, but also protects the lungs by trapping foreign particles like dust and dirt in breathed air. The inside of the lungs is covered with small, hair-like structures called cilia. The cilia move in such a way that mucus is swept up out of the lungs and into the throat.

Small cell lung tumors usually start to develop in the central bronchi. They grow quickly and prevent the lungs from functioning at their full capacity. Tumors may block the movement of air through the bronchi in the lungs. As a result, less oxygen gets into the blood and patients feel short of breath. Tumors may also block the normal movement of mucus into the throat. As a result, mucus builds up in the lungs and infection may develop behind the tumor.
Simple Definition and Description of Lung Cancer
Lung cancer is a growing global epidemic. Worldwide, lung cancer is the second most common cancer among both men and women and is the leading cause of cancer death in both sexes. The worldwide mortality rate for patients with lung cancer is 86%. Of the 160,000 deaths from lung cancer that occur annually in the United States, about 40,000 are caused by small cell lung cancer. Although there are differences in mortality rates between ethnic groups, this is mainly due to differences in smoking habits.

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Brain Cancer Treatment

The brain is one organ that is importantin life, because thebrain itself we are able to think and understand everything  not yet  we understand, is why we desperately need brains. let usimagine that we have if brain does not workoptimally? not then we can live like a person whohas a perfect senseof course,

Broadly speaking, the brain is divided into three parts, namely a large brain (cerebrum), cerebellum (cerebellum), and brain stem(brain stem). Each part is divided into partssmaller, smaller, and smaller.
So the brain has many parts that have differentfunctions, so the brain can run everything at the same time.

SoBrain Cancer Treatment ?

Pengobatan untuk tumor otak harus individual. Ini harus didasarkan pada usia, kesehatan umum, dan ukuran, lokasi, dan jenis tumor anda.

Treatment for brain tumor should be individualized. It should be based on your age, general health, and the size, location, and type of your tumor.

You and your loved ones will have many questions about cancer, the treatment, side effects, and the long-term outlook. Your health care team is the best source of this information. Don't hesitate to ask.

Treatment for brain cancer depends on the age and overall health of the patient, the stage of the disease, the type and location of the tumor, and whether the cancer is a primary tumor or brain metastases. The treatment plan is developed by the oncology team and the patient.

Treatment involves any combination of surgery, radiation therapy (including radiosurgery), and chemotherapy. Some tumors require several different surgical procedures, and some can be treated with radiation alone.

Surgery to Treat Brain Cancer

Surgery is the treatment of choice for accessible primary brain tumors, when the patient is in good health. The goal of surgery is to remove as much of the tumor as possible without damaging nearby normal brain tissue. The prognosis improves when more than 90% of a tumor can be removed. 

Removal is often complicated by the nature of the tumor (e.g., invasive, highly vascularized) and by its location. Partial removal (debulking) of the tumor can improve quality of life by alleviating symptoms and sometimes improve the effectiveness of radiation therapy or chemotherapy.

Before surgery, some important tests are performed. Patients over the age of 40 usually undergo an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) and a chest x-ray. Other tests are used to detect the presence of uncontrolled hypertension, diabetes, active coronary ischemia, or the presence of circulating anticoagulant (substance that inhibits normal blood clotting) in the blood. If any of these conditions are present, it may not be advisable to undergo craniotomy.

The goal of craniotomy is to remove as much of the tumor as possible. The procedure is performed under general anesthesia and involves opening the skull (cranium).

Radiation Therapy for Brain Cancer
 
Radiation therapy (also called radiotherapy) is the use of high-energy rays to kills tumor cells, thereby stopping them from growing and multiplying.

    * Radiation therapy may be used for people who cannot undergo surgery. In other cases, it is used after surgery to kill any tumor calls that may remain.
    * Radiation therapy is a local therapy. This means that it affects only cells in its path. It does not harm cells elsewhere in the body or even elsewhere in the brain.

Radiation can be given in either of two ways.

    a. External radiation uses a high-energy beam of radiation targeted at the tumor. The beam travels through the skin, the skull, healthy brain tissue, and other tissues to get to the tumor. The treatments are usually given five days a week for certain amount of time. Each treatment takes only a few minutes.
    b. Internal or implant radiation uses a tiny radioactive capsule that is placed inside the tumor itself. The radiation emitted from the capsule destroys the tumor. The radioactivity of the capsule decreases a little bit each day; the amount of radioactivity of the capsule is carefully calculated to run out when the optimal dose has been given. You need to stay in the hospital for several days while receiving this treatment.
 

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Chest Pain and its Treatment

For complaints of pain symptoms typical of heart disease is chest pain struck the left is described as heavy, compressed, or squeezed, the pain lasted 2-5 minutes, radiating to left shoulder and both arms, especially on the surface of the hand and forearm. Chest pain can also penetrate to the back, the base of the neck, jaw, teeth, and solar plexus. Such pain is called angina pectoris.

Complaints of chest pain is the most widely perceived by patients and patients with coronary heart panyakit. Chest pain can also be caused by a variety of causes, either from muscle or bone, heart, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, or it could also be due to psychological problems. Typical chest pain and myocardial infarction as those mentioned above.


dresser discompose nursing guardianship is not more varied from angina pectoris askep discussed in preceding posts. Exclusive a few differences with cardiopathy pectoris healt
Chest Pain and its Treatment
To this Journal Nursing testament try sharing a bit about this chest somatesthesia askep certainly when viewed from a reexamine of nursing. When friends poorness to get an statement of furniture feeling when viewed from the medical thought of a soul can get it here medical study of bureau discompose.

In the larn by the nursing guardianship of pectus anguish countenance two things, viz. the categorization of special and subsidiary assessment.

At the election categorization of this as recovered as on the platform that the CPR would ABC is Line, Breathed, Circulation. Though CPR period is assorted when we see the longanimous's furniture disconcert. ABC is also included categorisation of capital studies is that :

    Airway. That we investigate as a nurse at the period of which is how the duct is the line kepatenan patients, whether there is an impediment / increase of secretions in the airway of patients, and how the vocalize of his respiration, is there any added respite sounds in these patients.
    Breathing. Which we examine in this soul is how the patient eupnoeic copy, respiratory rate and depth and periodicity juag breath sufferers. Do group also use a mask muscles, whether there are additional rest sounds?
    Circulation. Which we investigate in the circulation of patients with no hurting is among the vital signs that faculty allow blood pushing, temperature, beat, respiration, spirit evaluate. Additionally examined was encircling arteries and carotid arteries that is the level (substance and emf), Then we see the tubing refillnya also, is there akral nippy, cyanosis, or oliguria. And we also see whether there is impairment of cognisance that occurs.

 Next is the secondary assessment on askep chest pain. In the secondary assessment is that we need to examine them, namely:
Chest Pain and its Treatment
    Activity of furniture painfulness. Categorisation of the emplacement of discompose may supply in diagnosing if bureau pain is from the bravery whether from separate organs. Where to advantage, penjalarannya (characteristic coronary bureau untune: Dresser discompose is initiated from the sternal propagate to the cervix, feature or berm to the sinistral arm of the ulna).
    The nature of chest discomfit. Veritable chest disconcert from heart doiantaranya namely: a somaesthesia of completeness, broadness such as seizures, squeezing, stabbing, asphyxiation / fervent module. Faculty of dresser nuisance will be matte differently in each diligent's thrombosis bureau painfulness.
    Bureau Discompose Characteristics. Unnatural in this separate is the makings of hurting, period of anguish, how galore present hap in a acknowledged case phase. This gift better in identification thrombosis nerve disease alnya.
    Chronology of furniture somesthesia. That we examine is the start there is feeling as advisable as use consecutively. Manifestation or whether the onset example was resting or sleeping.
    Circumstances at the instance of the commencement. Whether arising in present / circumstances. Nigh the synoptical as mentioned above active the conditions at the minute of pectus discompose attacks occurred.
    Factors that strengthen / assuage hurting such as noesis / capableness, shitting, pushing. Is chest hurting relieved by suspension or not?

 Incoming we went to the nursing identification of dresser untune. Nursing diagnosis on nursing reparation of patients with dresser symptom that can protest specified as:

1. Changes in the ministration of anguish (subacute hurting) cogitate to tissue ischemia subsidiary to arterial coagulum, paper rousing
2. Changes in paper perfusion (hunch rowdy) are related with shriveled slaying movement.
3. Activity intolerance indirect to instability between O2 cater and metabolic needs communicate

The next step in the nursing interventions  this chest pain. There are some nursing interventions are made ??when providing nursing care of chest pain and principles of action and intervention are as follows :

     Engage a cosy status and surround teraupetik in patients.
     Discover and protector the patient's unspecialised consideration and indispensable signs.
    Encourage patients to add rest.
    Wage a easy attitude for the unhurried with the position semifowler / Lexicographer.
    Set the unhurried's complaints
    Collaborative examination proceeding.


Some of the actions in quislingism with nursing and medical among others:

     -12 section ECG transcription.
     -attractive execution samples for workplace communicating of gore associated with cardiac enzymes and the like.
     -Cooperation of gas and drugs such as analgesics, tranquilizers, nitrospan, calcium antagonists a reflection of consume broadside personalty....

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Symptoms of brain cancer

Symptoms of brain cancer , generally is not easily detected because the attack targets the cancer is in the brain, organs that are not visible from the outside. Even so, there are some indications that could be considered to determine whether a person is experiencing symptoms of braincancer or not. Some of the symptoms of brain cancer are easily found as follows:

•  Easy Experiencing Headaches
  
  
  Prolonged headache and come again and again could be a symptom of brain cancer.

•     Easy Nausea

    Frequent nausea can also be symptoms of brain cancer.

•     Weak body
  Brain cancer patients usually experience a limp body. Therefore, if the body is weak, though not easy to do heavy work, it needs to watch out.

•     Walking is difficult
  Brain cancer sufferers will also experience difficulty walking conditions. Each will run it's staggering. Symptoms of brain cancer is caused by the body in controlling the activity of the brain is impaired by the presence of cancer cells.

•     Difficult Listening and Viewing
  Changes occur also in the sense of hearing and sight. Patients will experience a reduction in the power to hear and see. This brain cancer symptoms will worsen due to the increased severity of the cancer cells are biting into the brain.

•     Numb Foot and Hand in
  Symptoms of brain cancer is also characterized by the occurrence of numbness in the feet and hands. Both of these organs due to central nervous disorders are also being plagued by cancer cells.

•     Concentrating difficult
  Because the attack on the brain makes patients also have difficulty concentrating. This will make the patient difficult to finish the job properly because of loss of concentration.

•     Decreased Memory and Response
  Patients will also automatically have memory loss as well as the body's response. This is influenced problematic organ brain began to "master" of cancer cells.

•     Decreased Power of Smell

    In addition to the senses of hearing and vision decline, brain cancer symptoms are also seen in decline sense of smell. Patients with difficult to maintain the sense of smell as before.

•     Paralyzed in the Face or Body Part
  In certain circumstances, patients may also experience partial paralysis of the face or body part. This indicates that one of the brain is undergoing the onslaught of cancer cells.

•     Prolonged sleepiness
  It could also be symptoms of brain cancer. People who experience prolonged sleepiness, despite getting enough sleep, may be an indication something is not normal in the brain.

•     The cessation of menstruation Abnormal

 For women, the cessation of menstruation is not normal to watch as well. It could be because it shows the symptoms of brain cancer or other cancers may be.

Maybe if that happens only one of the above symptoms, it is yet to lead to the occurrence of brain cancer. But if it happens several symptoms at once, you should quickly consult because it is very likely a symptom of brain cancer.

Brain tumor symptoms vary from patient to patient, and most of these symptoms can also be found in people who do NOT have brain tumors. Therefore, the only sure way to tell if you have a brain tumor or not is to see your doctor and get a brain scan

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How to Fatten the Body

Natural Fat Loss Tips

Have ideal body fat is a thin person. For those who want to gain weight, but for those who actually want to be thin is fat that human nature is always not satisfied with the possessed, some people want to buy expensive drugs in order to obesity but does not think about consequences or side effects that may not fat but instead of disease , a lot of talking  .... :D, well below are some ways to fatten the body naturally:

A. Sport

With exercise the body will be healthy, so the body will function properly. Keep at least one week in sports at least once. With a form of exercise that can make you at least sweat.

2. Drinking milk

Milk can also be a healthy addition to fatten your body, especially whole milk. It is recommended to drink full cream milk types twice a day.

3. Chew food

When the food in the mouth then chew until smooth. This is done to facilitate the work of the stomach. Moreover, eating foods that are difficult to digest. Because other than the mouth does not exist anymore on the wrought tlain teeth.

4. Eat regularly

Every day eat regularly. Always have breakfast in the morning, lunch and dinner time. And which can be interspersed with certain foods.

5. Type of food

Type of food you eat adjust your activities. If you are moving a lot then eat a lot of carbohydrates or fats. Because if the excess, then the carbohydrate and fat will be deposited. In contrast to the protein that the body will not be backfilled

6. Enough sleep.

Our bodies need a minimum of 8 hours for rest. Always try to nap.

7. Reduce smoking and staying up late.
If you smoke, then reduce it, and if you often stay up then lose the habit.
8. If possible, the consumption of egg whites once a day.
9. Check your health

If you ever skinny fat and then try to check your health. If it were not for the disease then at least with tips on how to quickly fatten your body is already there is a change in one month.
Factors that affect weight
A. Genetic factors. If both parents and siblings did have the same problem that is hard fat, then chances are you are genetically thin.
2. There is a metabolic problem, such as a disturbance in the absorption system (absorption) of nutrients in the digestive tract. Or there may be problems in the digestive system. If you include people who experience frequent indigestion (frequent constipation, frequent diarrhea, or often feel pain in the abdomen) a good idea to consult a medical specialist in internal medicine (internist) to determine whether there was interference with your body.
so first way of fattening the body may be useful ..

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Types Of Brain Cancer

Types Of Brain Cancer. nine categories of primary brain tumors, which are based on the types of cells in which the tumors originate. Gliomas are primary brain tumors that are made up of glial cells—cells that provide important structural support for the nerve cells in the brain .
It is important for us to distinguish between primary brain cancer (ie begin in the brain), with secondary brain cancer (starts in other organs in the body such as lung or breast and then spread to the brain). In adults, cancer metastasis to the brain is actually more common than primary brain cancer. This cancer is not treated the same way. For example, breast cancer or lung metastases to the brain are treated differently than cancer that begins in the brain. The discussion here only on primary brain cancer.

Unlike other types of cancer, cancer of the brain or spinal cord rarely spread to distant organs. They cause damage because they spread locally and destroy normal brain tissue in a place where they appear. However, cancers of the brain or spinal cord are rarely considered "benign". Unless they have actually been removed or destroyed, most cancers of the brain or spinal cord tumors will continue to grow and eventually lead to death.

Primary brain cancer can begin in one type of tissue or cells in the brain or spinal cord. Some tumors contain a mixture of cell types. Tumors in different regions of the central nervous system may be treated differently and have different prognoses.

A. Gliomas:

Glioma is a general term for a group of tumors that begin in glial cells. Some tumors may be gliomas, including glioblastoma, astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, and ependymomas. About 4 out of 10 cases of brain cancer is a glioma. When counting cases of malignant brain cancer, about 8 out of 10 were gliomas.

A1. Astrocytomas:

Most tumors that arise in the brain itself begins in glial cells called astrocytes. These tumors are called astrocytomas. The statistics are about 3 out of 10 brain cancer.

Most astrocytomas can spread widely throughout the brain and one with normal brain tissue, which can make them very difficult to be removed surgically. Sometimes they spread along a major nervous system pathways. It is very rare for them to spread out the brain or spinal cord.

Grade astrocytomas are classified as low, medium, or high grade, based on how the cells look under a microscope.

    Low-grade astrocytomas: the type of the slowest growing

    Anaplastic astrocytomas: to grow at a moderate level

    The highest grade astrocytoma (or glioblastoma): the fastest growing. These tumors make up about two-thirds of astrocytomas and is the most common type of brain cancer (malignant) that affect adults.

A2. Oligodendrogliomas: These tumors start in brain cells called oligodendrocytes. Such as astrocytomas, most can infiltrate the nearby brain tissue and can not be completely removed by surgery. Oligodendrogliomas sometimes scattered throughout the central nervous system pathways but rarely spread outside the brain or spinal cord. A very aggressive type of tumor is known as anaplastic oligodendrogliomas. Only about 3% of oligodendrogliomas type of brain tumor.

A3. Ependymomas: These tumors are derived from ependymal cells, which line the ventricles. Ependymomas may block the outflow of the central nervous system of the ventricles, causing a condition called hydrocephalus.

Astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas did not like, ependymomas usually do not grow to infiltrate into normal brain tissue. As a result, some (but not all) ependymomas can be completely removed and cured with surgery. Spinal cord ependymomas have the greatest chance to be cured through surgery. Ependymomas can spread along the CSF pathways but did not spread outside the brain or spinal cord. Its most aggressive form known as anaplastic ependymomas and usually can not be cured by surgery. Only about 2% of brain tumor type ependymomas.

B. Meningioma

Meningiomas arise from the meninges, the layer of tissue that surrounds the outside of the brain and spinal cord. Meningioma contribute to about 1 in 3 primary brain cancer and cancer of the spinal cord. They are the most common brain tumor in adults.

This tumor risk increases with age. They are about twice as common in women. In some cases these tumors are genetic (inherited), especially in those with neurofibromatosis (benign tumor syndrome in nerve tissue).

Meningiomas cause symptoms by pressing the brain or spinal cord. About 4 out of 5 meningiomas are benign, and most can be cured with surgery. However, some meningiomas grow very close to vital structures in the brain and can not be cured by surgery alone. A small number of meningiomas are malignant and may be reused many times after surgery, or even spread to other parts of the body.

C. Medulloblastomas

Medulloblastomas are tumors that develop from neuroectodermal cells (primitive nerve cells) in the cerebellum. They are a cancer that grows rapidly and often spreads to the rest of the cerebrospinal fluid pathways, but they can be treated with radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Medulloblastomas occur more frequently in children than in adults. They are part of a class of primitive neuroectodermal tumor called tumor (PNETs), which can occur in the brain and elsewhere in the central nervous system.

D. Gangliogliomas

Tumor-containing neurons and glial cells called the ganglioglioma. It is extremely rare in adults and has a high cure prospects with surgery alone or surgery combined with radiotherapy.

E. Schwannomas (neurilemomas)

Schwannomas derived from Schwann cells, which is part of the myelin-forming cranial nerve and other peripheral nerves. These tumors are usually benign. They can arise from cranial nerves. When they form a tumor of the cranial nerve responsible for balance near the cerebellum, they are called vestibular schwannomas or acoustic neuromas. They also may arise from the spinal cord after they have left the spinal cord. Schwannomas make up about 9% of all CNS tumors.

Other tumors that can be started at or near the brain:

brain cancer

Chordomas: These tumors are rare starts in the bone at the base of the skull or spine at the lower end. Chordomas are not of central nervous system, but they can cause injury to the nervous system by pressing nearby. These tumors were treated by surgical removal if possible, and followed by radiotherapy, but they tend to return in the same area after treatment, which can cause progressive injury and death. They usually do not spread to other organs.

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas: Lymphomas start in lymphocytes (one of the major cell types of the immune system). Some types of lymphoma of the central nervous system (CNS) occurs in people with immune system problems, such as those infected with HIV. Development of new treatments for AIDS, causing this type of lymphoma of the brain become less common in recent years. Often highly malignant

lymphoma of the brain and can be difficult to treat. Recent advances in chemotherapy, however,  has improved the prognosis of this cancer.

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Protein Shake Help You In Losing Weight

Protein shakes are made from protein food and other nutrients such as fats and carbohydrates. The percentage of protein is higher than the rest of the ingredients. It supports and enhances bodily functions.
Protein shakes boost metabolism and digestion in the body and extending the same deep into the cellular level, which helps in growth and reproduction. It also helps in fluid regulation and plays an import
ant role in transporting other nutrients throughout the body by binding them and releasing them when necess
Basically protein increases our metabolism and releases nutrients as and when needed to provide energy to improve our endurance. We get proteins from soy milk, chicken, egg, fish and other sources.
When we take in the proper amount of protein it helps us to control our weight. If we rely on some of the depleted food sources, then we will have a hard time to get the required protein intake, this is where losing weight through protein shakes is advised than losing weight through eating protein rich foods.
There are many protein rich foods which do not have the best protein ingredients, whereas protein shakes are quite easy to prepare and the body absorbs them easily than other source of proteins in the food that we eat.

Protein shakes provide protein supplements as the protein shakes contain the best protein ingredients. It is a good supplement for people who love to workout. There is Casein that is absorbed by the body slower as compared to Whey, which is a good supplement and a meal replacement.

The proteins used in protein shakes help you build muscle, which enable you to burn more calories through exercises. When more calories are burned, the body loses weight in a very easy manner. Do protein shakes make you fat? Not necessarily, if you are careful of the protein composition in the protein shake, if the mixture is wrong then your effort to lose or gain weight will be all in vein. 

Your body needs about 50 to 60 grams of proteins a day if you are a person who does work out regularly. If you eat food that contains proteins then you must just be able to get about 20 grams of protein a day. What you really need is a protein supplement that can provide you enough protein to boost your muscle strength and your body’s metabolism. Thus protein shakes have a good advantage in this situation. This is the reason why body builders take protein shakes after their workout.

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Cara Para Hacker Membobol Website

Cara Hacker Membobol Website - Hacker adalah orang yang mempelajari, menganalisa, memodifikasi, menerobos masuk ke dalam komputer dan jaringan komputer, baik untuk keuntungan atau dimotivasi oleh tantangan. Bagi Anda yang ingin menjadi seorang hacker yang handal berikut ini adalah Cara Hacker Membobol Website.

1. IP Spoofing
2. FTP Attack
3. Unix Finger Exploits
4. Flooding & Broadcasting
5. Fragmented Packet Attacks
6. E-mail Exploits
7. DNS and BIND Vulnerabilities
8. Password Attacks
9.Proxy Server Attacks
10. Remote Command Processing Attacks
11. Remote File System Attack
12. Selective Program Insertions
13. Port Scanning
14.TCP/IP Sequence Stealing, Passive Port Listening and Packet
15. HTTPD Attacks

1. IP Spoofing
IP Spoofing juga dikenal sebagai Source Address Spoofing, yaitu pemalsuan alamat IP attacker sehingga sasaran menganggap alamat IP attacker adalah alamat IP dari host di dalam network bukan dari luar network. Misalkan attacker mempunyai IP address type A 66.25.xx.xx ketika attacker melakukan serangan jenis ini maka Network yang diserang akan menganggap IP attacker adalah bagian dari Networknya misal 192.xx.xx.xx yaitu IP type C.

IP Spoofing terjadi ketika seorang attacker ?mengakali? packet routing untuk mengubah arah dari data atau transmisi ke tujuan yang berbeda. Packet untuk routing biasanya di transmisikan secara transparan dan jelas sehingga membuat attacker dengan mudah untuk memodifikasi asal data ataupun tujuan dari data. Teknik ini bukan hanya dipakai oleh attacker tetapi juga dipakai oleh para security profesional untuk men tracing identitas dari para attacker

2. FTP Attack
Salah satu serangan yang dilakukan terhadap File Transfer Protocol adalah serangan buffer overflow yang diakibatkan oleh malformed command. tujuan menyerang FTP server ini rata-rata adalah untuk mendapatkan command shell ataupun untuk melakukan Denial Of Service. Serangan Denial Of Service akhirnya dapat menyebabkan seorang user atau attacker untuk mengambil resource didalam network tanpa adanya autorisasi, sedangkan command shell dapat membuat seorang attacker mendapatkan akses ke sistem server dan file-file data yang akhirnya seorang attacker bisa membuat anonymous root-acces yang mempunyai hak penuh terhadap system bahkan network yang diserang

3. Unix Finger Exploits
Pada masa awal internet, Unix OS finger utility digunakan secara efficient untuk men sharing informasi diantara pengguna. Karena permintaan informasi terhadap informasi finger ini tidak menyalahkan peraturan, kebanyakan system Administrator meninggalkan utility ini (finger) dengan keamanan yang sangat minim, bahkan tanpa kemanan sama sekali. Bagi seorang attacker utility ini sangat berharga untuk melakukan informasi tentang footprinting, termasuk nama login dan informasi contact.

Utility ini juga Menyediakan keterangan yang sangat baik tentang aktivitas user didalam sistem, berapa lama user berada dalam sistem dan seberapa jauh user merawat sistem. Informasi yang dihasilkan dari finger ini dapat meminimalisasi usaha kracker dalam menembus sebuah sistem. Keterangan pribadi tentang user yang dimunculkan oleh finger daemon ini sudah cukup bagi seorang atacker untuk melakukan social engineering dengan menggunakan social skillnya untuk memanfaatkan user agar ?memberitahu? password dan kode akses terhadap system.

4. Flooding & Broadcasting
Seorang attacker bisa menguarangi kecepatan network dan host-host yang berada di dalamnya secara significant dengan cara terus melakukan request/permintaan terhadap suatu informasi dari sever yang bisa menangani serangan classic Denial Of Service(Dos), mengirim request ke satu port secara berlebihan dinamakan flooding, kadang hal ini juga disebut spraying. Tujuan dari kedua serangan ini adalah sama yaitu membuat network resource yang Menyediakan informasi menjadi lemah dan akhirnya menyerah.

Serangan dengan cara Flooding bergantung kepada dua faktor yaitu: ukuran dan/atau volume (size and/or volume). Seorang attacker dapat menyebabkan Denial Of Service dengan cara melempar file berkapasitas besar atau volume yang besar dari paket yang kecil kepada sebuah system. Dalam keadaan seperti itu network server akan menghadapi kemacetan: terlalu banyak informasi yang diminta dan tidak cukup power untuk mendorong data agar berjalan. Pada dasarnya paket yang besar membutuhkan kapasitas proses yang besar pula, tetapi secara tidak normal paket yang kecil dan sama dalam volume yang besar akan menghabiskan resource secara percuma, dan mengakibatkan kemacetan

5. Fragmented Packet Attacks
Data-data internet yang di transmisikan melalui TCP/IP bisa dibagi lagi ke dalam paket-paket yang hanya mengandung paket pertama yang isinya berupa informasi bagian utama( kepala) dari TCP. Beberapa firewall akan mengizinkan untuk memroses bagian dari paket-paket yang tidak mengandung informasi alamat asal pada paket pertamanya, hal ini akan mengakibatkan beberapa type system menjadi crash. Contohnya, server NT akan menjadi crash jika paket-paket yang dipecah(fragmented packet) cukup untuk menulis ulang informasi paket pertama dari suatu protokol.

6. E-mail Exploits
Peng-exploitasian e-mail terjadi dalam lima bentuk yaitu: mail floods, manipulasi perintah (command manipulation), serangan tingkat transportasi(transport level attack), memasukkan berbagai macam kode (malicious code inserting) dan social engineering(memanfaatkan sosialisasi secara fisik). Penyerangan email bisa membuat system menjadi crash, membuka dan menulis ulang bahkan mengeksekusi file-file aplikasi atau juga membuat akses ke fungsi fungsi perintah (command function)

7. DNS and BIND Vulnerabilities
Berita baru-baru ini tentang kerawanan (vulnerabilities) tentang aplikasi Barkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND) dalam berbagai versi mengilustrasikan kerapuhan dari Domain Name System (DNS), yaitu krisis yang diarahkan pada operasi dasar dari Internet (basic internet operation)

8. Password Attacks
Password merupakan sesuatu yang umum jika kita bicara tentang kemanan. Kadang seorang user tidak perduli dengan nomor pin yang mereka miliki, seperti bertransaksi online di warnet, bahkan bertransaksi online dirumah pun sangat berbahaya jika tidak dilengkapi dengan software security seperti SSL dan PGP. Password adalah salah satu prosedur kemanan yang sangat sulit untuk diserang, seorang attacker mungkin saja mempunyai banyak tools (secara teknik maupun dalam kehidupan sosial) hanya untuk membuka sesuatu yang dilindungi oleh password.

Ketika seorang attacker berhasil mendapatkan password yang dimiliki oleh seorang user, maka ia akan mempunyai kekuasaan yang sama dengan user tersebut. Melatih karyawan/user agar tetap waspada dalam menjaga passwordnya dari social engineering setidaknya dapat meminimalisir risiko, selain berjaga-jaga dari praktek social enginering organisasi pun harus mewaspadai hal ini dengan cara teknikal. Kebanyakan serangan yang dilakukan terhadap password adalah menebak (guessing), brute force, kracking dan sniffing.

9.Proxy Server Attacks
Salah satu fungsi Proxy server adalah untuk mempercepat waktu response dengan cara menyatukan proses dari beberapa host dalam suatu trusted network

10. Remote Command Processing Attacks
Trusted Relationship antara dua atau lebih host Menyediakan fasilitas pertukaran informasi dan resource sharing. Sama halnya dengan proxy server, trusted relationship memberikan kepada semua anggota network kekuasaan akses yang sama di satu dan lain system (dalam network).
Attacker akan menyerang server yang merupakan anggota dari trusted system. Sama seperti kerawanan pada proxy server, ketika akses diterima, seorang attacker akan mempunyai kemampuan mengeksekusi perintah dan mengkases data yang tersedia bagi user lainnya

11. Remote File System Attack
Protocol-protokol untuk tranportasi data ?tulang punggung dari internet? adalah tingkat TCP (TCPLevel) yang mempunyai kemampuan dengan mekanisme untuk baca/tulis (read/write) Antara network dan host. Attacker bisa dengan mudah mendapatkan jejak informasi dari mekanisme ini untuk mendapatkan akses ke direktori file

12. Selective Program Insertions
Selective Program Insertions adalah serangan yang dilakukan ketika attacker menaruh program-program penghancur, seperti virus, worm dan trojan (mungkin istilah ini sudah anda kenal dengan baik ?) pada system sasaran. Program-program penghancur ini sering juga disebut malware. Program-program ini mempunyai kemampuan untuk merusak system, pemusnahan file, pencurian password sampai dengan membuka backdoor

13. Port Scanning
Melalui port scanning seorang attacker bisa melihat fungsi dan cara bertahan sebuah system dari berbagai macam port. Seorang atacker bisa mendapatkan akses kedalam sistem melalui port yang tidak dilindungi. Sebaia contoh, scaning bisa digunakan untuk menentukan dimana default SNMP string di buka untuk publik, yang artinya informasi bisa di extract untuk digunakan dalam remote command attack

14.TCP/IP Sequence Stealing, Passive Port Listening and Packet
Interception TCP/IP Sequence Stealing, Passive Port Listening dan Packet Interception berjalan untuk mengumpulkan informasi yang sensitif untuk mengkases network. Tidak seperti serangan aktif maupun brute-force, serangan yang menggunakan metoda ini mempunyai lebih banyak kualitas stealth-like

15. HTTPD Attacks
Kerawanan yang terdapat dalam HTTPD ataupun webserver ada lima macam: buffer overflows, httpd bypasses, cross scripting, web code vulnerabilities, dan URL floods.

sumber : http://terselubung.blogspot.com/2011/07/cara-cara-seseorang-hacker-menembus.html

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Cara Membuka Situs yang Diblokir Dengan Mudah

Membuka Situs yang Diblokir Dengan Mudah - Untuk membuka website yang diblokir yang kita butuhkan hanya tinggal mendownload Hotspot Shield. Hotspot Shield menciptakan virtual private network (VPN) antara laptop atau iPhone dan gateway internet kami. Ini ditembus mencegah terowongan snoopers, hacker, ISP, dari melihat kegiatan web browsing, pesan instan, download, informasi kartu kredit atau apa pun yang Anda kirim melalui jaringan. Hotspot Shield aplikasi keamanan bebas untuk men-download, menggunakan teknologi VPN terbaru, dan mudah diinstal dan digunakan. Hotspot Shield dapat membuka website yang terblokir.

Tanpda mengganti DNS bisa. Saya sudah mencoba, dan terbukti 100% bisa membuka situs yang terblokir. Tapi, kalau Anda mendownload yang gratis akan tertampil iklan di setiap Anda membuka halaman. Contoh, saya membuka website google.com, maka akan tertampil iklan di atas. Bisa saja di close, tapi ketika kita membuka halaman yang lain maka akan muncul lagi. Ya, tidak apa-apalah namanya juga gratis pasti ada kekurangannya.

Cara mendapatkan Hotspot Shield Anda tidak perlu kemana-mana karena Terindikasi akan memberikannya. Di bawah ini adalah link download dan keterangan yang lebih detail lagi mengenai Hotspot Shield.

• Download Hotspot Shield

Sumber: http://www.terindikasi.com/2012/06/membuka-situs-yang-diblokir-dengan.html#ixzz1xjLXkYmN

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LAPORAN HASIL KEGIATAN PRAKTIKUM BIOLOGI (PENGARUH PENCEMARAN TEHADAP PERTUMBUHAN)

 

KEGIATAN 1

A.    Topik : Penyelidikan pengaruh pencemaran terhadap pertumbuhan.

B.     Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui pengaruh pencemaran air terhadap                                      pertumbuhan

Alat dan Bahan

1.     Pot/polibag (5 buah)

2.     Penggaris

3.     Bibit tanaman kacang panjang berumur satu minggu (5 buah)

4.     Media tanam (tanah)

5.     Air sumur, air detergen, air selokan, air sungai tercemar, & air cucian beras.

Cara Kerja

1.     Sediakan 5 buah bibit tanaman kacang panjang berumur satu minggu, pilihlah yang tingginya sama.

2.     Isilah pot/polibag dengan tanah/media yang diambil dari lokasi yang sama.

3.     Tanamlah bibit tanaman pada masing-masing pot/polibag.

4.     Lakukan penyiraman sehari sekali menggunakan air sumur (pot 1), air  detergen (pot 2), air selokan (pot 3) , air sungai (pot 4) & aire cucian beras (pot 5).

5.     Cermati perubahan tanaman serta ukurlah tinggi tanaman setiap hari.

6.     Catat hasil pengamatan pada table di bawah ini :

JENIS AIR	TUMBUHAN	HARI
		1	2	3	4	5	Ket.
Air Sumur	Panjang Batang	5,2 cm	7 cm	8 cm	9 cm	9,7 cm
	Jumlah Daun	2 buah	2 buah	2 buah	2 buah	2 buah
	Warna Daun	Hijau	Hijau	Hijau Tua	Hijau Tua	Hijau Tua
	Keadaan Daun	Segar	Segar	Segar	Segar	Segar
Air Cucian Beras	Panjang Batang	6 cm	7,5	8 cm	8,8 cm	10 cm
	Jumlah Daun	2 buah	2 buah	2 buah	2 buah	5 buah
	Warna Daun	Hijau	Hijau	Hijau Tua	Hijau Tua	Hijau Tua
	Keadaan Daun	Segar	Segar	Segar	Segar	Segar
Air Detergen	Panjang Batang	11 cm	11 cm	11 cm	11 cm	11 cm
	Jumlah Daun	2 buah	2 buah	2 buah	2 buah	2 buah
	Warna Daun	Hijau	Hijau	Hijau	Hijau Tua	Hijau Tua
	Keadaan Daun	Segar	layu	layu	layu	layu
Air Selokan	Panjang Batang	8 cm	9,5 cm	10 cm	10,7 cm	11 cm
	Jumlah Daun	2 buah	2 buah	2 buah	2 buah	7 buah
	Warna Daun	Hijau	Hijau	Hijau Tua	Hijau Tua	Hijau Tua
	Keadaan Daun	Segar	Segar	Segar	Segar	Segar
Air Sungai Tercemar	Panjang Batang	6,5 cm	9 cm	9 cm	9,4 cm	9,7 cm
	Jumlah Daun	2 buah	2 buah	2 buah	2 buah	5 buah
	Warna Daun	Hijau	Hijau	Hijau Tua	Hijau Tua	Hijau Tua
	Keadaan Daun	Segar	Segar	Segar	Segar	Segar

(Tabel pengaruh pencemaran terhadap pertumbuhan)

KEGIATAN 2

A.     Tujuan : Mengetahui Kualitas Air Berdasarkan Kandungan Oksigen          Terlarutnya

B.     Alat dan Bahan

1.     Tabung Reaksi 5 Buah

2.     Kertas Label

3.     Plastik, Karet

4.     Pipet

5.     Air Sumur

6.     Metilen Biru

C.     Cara Kerja

1.      Siapkan tabung reaksi masing-masing diberi label A,B,C,D,E.

2.     Tetesan kedalam tabung reaksi masing-masing dua tetes Metilen Biru.

3.     Tambahkan air ke dalam tabung reaksi sampai penuh dengan air sumur (tabung A), air detergen (tabung B), air selokan (tabung C), air sungai tercemar (tabung D), & air cucian beras (tabung E).

4.     Tutup rapat dengan plastic, ikat dengan karet.

5.     Letakkan pada rak dan lakukan pengamatan setiap hari selama laima hari mengenai perubahan warna yang terjadi.

Tabung	Perubahan Warna Hari ke						KETERANGAN
	1	2	3	4	5
A	+4	+3	+2	+2	+2
B	+3	+4	+4	+4	+3
C	+3	+2	+3	+3	+2
D	+1	+1	+1	+1	+1
E	+2	+1	+1	+1	+2

6.     Catatlah hasil pengamatan dalam tabel

   

Ket:   makin sedikit “+” yang diberikan, maka warnanya semakin bening. Dan sebaliknya.

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